python sklearn找不到指定模块

在 import sklearn.manifold时出现 ImportError: DLL load failed：找不到指定的模块，具体如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\manifold\__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .locally_linear import locally_linear_embedding, LocallyLinearEmbedding
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\manifold\locally_linear.py", line 17, in <module>
    from ..neighbors import NearestNeighbors
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\neighbors\__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
    from .graph import kneighbors_graph, radius_neighbors_graph
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\neighbors\graph.py", line 7, in <module>
    from .base import KNeighborsMixin, RadiusNeighborsMixin
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\neighbors\base.py", line 18, in <module>
    from ..metrics import pairwise_distances
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\metrics\__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
    from . import cluster
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\metrics\cluster\__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
    from .unsupervised import silhouette_samples
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\metrics\cluster\unsupervised.py", line 12, in <module>
    from ..pairwise import pairwise_distances
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\sklearn\metrics\pairwise.py", line 30, in <module>
    from .pairwise_fast import _chi2_kernel_fast, _sparse_manhattan
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

解决方法：

在保证scipy和numpy成功安装的条件下，并且安装了pip后使用命令 pip install -U scikit-learn 更新一下即可。

若遇到如下问题：

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
    os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-njirl_1q-uninstall\\users\\user\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\feature_extraction\\_hashing.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 795, in install
    requirement.commit_uninstall()
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 767, in commit_uninstall
    self.uninstalled.commit()
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_uninstall.py", line 142, in commit
    rmtree(self.save_dir)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
    return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
    raise attempt.get()
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
    six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 686, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
    attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 102, in rmtree
    οnerrοr=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\shutil.py", line 494, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\shutil.py", line 384, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\shutil.py", line 384, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\shutil.py", line 384, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  [Previous line repeated 7 more times]
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\shutil.py", line 389, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 114, in rmtree_errorhandler
    func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-njirl_1q-uninstall\\users\\user\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\feature_extraction\\_hashing.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'

使用 pip install --user package_name命令即可解决。

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