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英语语法——中级上
2023-11-29 22:28课程 人已围观
中级语法上册
第一章：句子结构
Sentence Structures
Unit 1 ：句子成分 Sentence Elements
subject, verb, object, predicative, complement, attributive, adverbial
Unit 2: 主系表 S+LV+P(C)
Eg: Winter is so cold. I am a teacher. We are in the classroom.
Unit 3 ：主谓 S+Vi
Eg: She often smiles. She runs very fast. She cried.
Unit 4 ：主谓宾 S+Vt+O
Eg: I like English. She is drinking water. She don’t like English.
Unit 5 ：主谓双宾 S+Vt+IO+DO
Eg: I bought me a new pen. I gave my sister three apples.
Unit 6 ：主谓宾宾补 S+V+O+C
Eg：She made the room clean. Linda let me sit down.
第二章：句子类型 Sentence Types
Unit 7 ：简单句 Simple Sentences
陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句
反义疑问句（确认或者希望他人同意自己）
Eg：You are a student, aren’t you?
She is beautiful, isn’t she?
Unit 8 ： 并列句 Compound Sentences
Eg：Lily is my sister and Tom is my brother.
Lily is a teacher but Tom is a doctor.
I was sick so I didn’t go to school.
Unit 9 ：复合句 Complex Sentences
This is what I want.
We know the fact that he is a teacher.
第三章：复合句 Complex Sentences
Unit 10: 状语从句 Adverbial Clauses
1. 条件状语从句 if ， unless=if not
Eg：If I have time, I will go. （可能的结果）
If we put salt into water, it disappear. (一定会发生的结果)
Unless you leave now, you will be late.
If you do not leave now, you will be late.
2. 时间状语从句 when, before, after,while, since, until
Eg: When I was eight, I could dance.
3. 原因状语从句 because, as, since
Eg：Because(As, Since) I was ill, I didn’t go to school.=I didn’t go to school because(as, since) I was ill.
4. 让步状语从句 although, though
Eg: Although(Though) I was sick, I went to school.=I went to school although(though) I was sick.
5. 结果状语从句 so...that; too...to..., such as
Eg: I am so tired that I can work any more.
6. 目的状语从句 so that
Eg: I exercise every morning so that I will stay healthy.
Unit 11: 宾语从句 Object Clauses
that, what, why, how, where, when, which, who, if, whether
agree, explain, know, suggest, believe, feel, say, think
be aware, be glad, be pleased, be sorry, be surprised, be upset, be certain, be happy, be sad, be sure, be unaware, be worried
Eg: I think (that)I will go to school tomorrow.
第四章：词法 Parts of Speech
Unit 12 ：名词 Nouns
1. 常见的专有名词
人名：Candy，Sally， Mr. Smith
地名：Beijing，France，China
组织名：the Red Cross, the World Trade Organization
星期：Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday
月份：January，February, March
节日：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, Christmas
2. 合成名词的复数
grandchild：grandchildren passer-by：passers-by
man doctor: men doctors woman teacher: women teachers
3. 双重所有格
名词前有不定冠词a/an, 不定代词some，any，指示代词，数词one, two 等词修饰时
a friend of my father’s some books of teachers’
that dog of Robert’s two friends of mine
Unit 13 ：动词 Verbs
1. 主要动词—系动词
be，fell, look, smell, sound, taste, seem, appear, become, grow, turn, get, go
Eg: New fashions soon go out of date.
When people get old, their hair turns grey.
2. 动词短语： vi+prep.
agree with, decide on, pass by, succeed in, arrive at, get to, point at, think about, ask for, join in, prepare for, wait for
3. 动词短语： be+adj.+prep.
be bored with be happy with be ready for be tired of
be certain about be interested in be strict with be worried about
4. 情态动词： can & can not 表示可能性和能力
Eg: We can use electricity to do many things.
We can’t see electricity.
Can you think of an example? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
5. 情态动词： may & may 表示许可
Eg: May I use your mobile phone? Yes, you may. No, you may not.
(可以用can 替换may，但不如may委婉)
6. 情态动词： must & mustn’t 表示命令和禁令
Eg：You must go to school.
You mustn’t open the door.
7. 情态动词： should 表示建议
Eg: I should read more books.
8. 情态动词： had better 表示强烈建议
Eg: You had better leave now.
Unit 14 ：形容词 Adjectives
1. 名词变形容词
wind-windy rain-rainy snow-snowy sun-sunny fog-foggy
2. 名词性形容词
the same,
3. 形容词的用法
as+adj.+as Eg: She is as tall as her mother.
more and more+n. Eg: More and more people pay attention to health.
比较级 and 比较级 Eg: The balloon is becoming smaller and smaller.
The+比较级,the+比较级 Eg: The harder you work, the more you will learn.
Unit 15 ：代词 Pronouns
1. 不定代词
a lot of, a little, a few, too little, too few, too much, too many, (not) much, (not) many, enough
some , any, somebody, someone, something anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing
It(It is one o’clock. It is summer now. It is sunny.)
2. 反身代词（用法）
宾语：I should help myself.
表语： He will be himself again soon.
同位语：I finished my homework myself.
Unit 16 ：数词 Numerals
1. 基数词
million
three million & millions of
2. 数字运算
add...to...,plus, subtract...from, minus, multiply...by..., multiplied by, divide...by... ,divided by
Unit 17 ：介词 Prepositions
1. 方位介词
on &above across & through between & among
next to & beside & near under & below
2. 其他介词
like 像
3. 介词短语
because of，the same as, different from， next to, apart from, along with, on behalf of, due to, owing to, according to
4. 介词组作名词的定语
advice on; interest in, reason for, decision on/about; problem with, respect for, experience of, purpose of, success in
Unit 18 ：连词 Conjunctions
1. 并列连词
and, or, but ,so
yet, however, nevertheless for, therefore
either...or... neither...or not only...but also... Both...and... as well as
2. 从属连词
after as as soon as before when while since till/until once
as because since now that
If unless as/as long as
though/although ever if/even though while
so that so...that...
as/so...as... than
if that whether
Unit 1 ：句子成分 Sentence Elements
subject, verb, object, predicative, complement, attributive, adverbial
Unit 2: 主系表 S+LV+P(C)
Eg: Winter is so cold. I am a teacher. We are in the classroom.
Unit 3 ：主谓 S+Vi
Eg: She often smiles. She runs very fast. She cried.
Unit 4 ：主谓宾 S+Vt+O
Eg: I like English. She is drinking water. She don’t like English.
Unit 5 ：主谓双宾 S+Vt+IO+DO
Eg: I bought me a new pen. I gave my sister three apples.
Unit 6 ：主谓宾宾补 S+V+O+C
Eg：She made the room clean. Linda let me sit down.
第二章：句子类型 Sentence Types
Unit 7 ：简单句 Simple Sentences
陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句
反义疑问句（确认或者希望他人同意自己）
Eg：You are a student, aren’t you?
She is beautiful, isn’t she?
Unit 8 ： 并列句 Compound Sentences
Eg：Lily is my sister and Tom is my brother.
Lily is a teacher but Tom is a doctor.
I was sick so I didn’t go to school.
Unit 9 ：复合句 Complex Sentences
- 名词性从句 Noun Clauses
- 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句）
- ：I think you are right.
This is what I want.
We know the fact that he is a teacher.
- 状语从句 Adverbial Clauses
- ：I didn’t go to school because I was sick.
- 定语从句 Attributive Clauses
- ：The man who is drinking water is my father.
第三章：复合句 Complex Sentences
Unit 10: 状语从句 Adverbial Clauses
1. 条件状语从句 if ， unless=if not
Eg：If I have time, I will go. （可能的结果）
If we put salt into water, it disappear. (一定会发生的结果)
Unless you leave now, you will be late.
If you do not leave now, you will be late.
2. 时间状语从句 when, before, after,while, since, until
Eg: When I was eight, I could dance.
3. 原因状语从句 because, as, since
Eg：Because(As, Since) I was ill, I didn’t go to school.=I didn’t go to school because(as, since) I was ill.
4. 让步状语从句 although, though
Eg: Although(Though) I was sick, I went to school.=I went to school although(though) I was sick.
5. 结果状语从句 so...that; too...to..., such as
Eg: I am so tired that I can work any more.
6. 目的状语从句 so that
Eg: I exercise every morning so that I will stay healthy.
Unit 11: 宾语从句 Object Clauses
that, what, why, how, where, when, which, who, if, whether
agree, explain, know, suggest, believe, feel, say, think
be aware, be glad, be pleased, be sorry, be surprised, be upset, be certain, be happy, be sad, be sure, be unaware, be worried
Eg: I think (that)I will go to school tomorrow.
第四章：词法 Parts of Speech
Unit 12 ：名词 Nouns
1. 常见的专有名词
人名：Candy，Sally， Mr. Smith
地名：Beijing，France，China
组织名：the Red Cross, the World Trade Organization
星期：Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday
月份：January，February, March
节日：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, Christmas
2. 合成名词的复数
grandchild：grandchildren passer-by：passers-by
man doctor: men doctors woman teacher: women teachers
3. 双重所有格
名词前有不定冠词a/an, 不定代词some，any，指示代词，数词one, two 等词修饰时
a friend of my father’s some books of teachers’
that dog of Robert’s two friends of mine
Unit 13 ：动词 Verbs
1. 主要动词—系动词
be，fell, look, smell, sound, taste, seem, appear, become, grow, turn, get, go
Eg: New fashions soon go out of date.
When people get old, their hair turns grey.
2. 动词短语： vi+prep.
agree with, decide on, pass by, succeed in, arrive at, get to, point at, think about, ask for, join in, prepare for, wait for
3. 动词短语： be+adj.+prep.
be bored with be happy with be ready for be tired of
be certain about be interested in be strict with be worried about
4. 情态动词： can & can not 表示可能性和能力
Eg: We can use electricity to do many things.
We can’t see electricity.
Can you think of an example? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
5. 情态动词： may & may 表示许可
Eg: May I use your mobile phone? Yes, you may. No, you may not.
(可以用can 替换may，但不如may委婉)
6. 情态动词： must & mustn’t 表示命令和禁令
Eg：You must go to school.
You mustn’t open the door.
7. 情态动词： should 表示建议
Eg: I should read more books.
8. 情态动词： had better 表示强烈建议
Eg: You had better leave now.
Unit 14 ：形容词 Adjectives
1. 名词变形容词
wind-windy rain-rainy snow-snowy sun-sunny fog-foggy
2. 名词性形容词
the same,
3. 形容词的用法
as+adj.+as Eg: She is as tall as her mother.
more and more+n. Eg: More and more people pay attention to health.
比较级 and 比较级 Eg: The balloon is becoming smaller and smaller.
The+比较级,the+比较级 Eg: The harder you work, the more you will learn.
Unit 15 ：代词 Pronouns
1. 不定代词
a lot of, a little, a few, too little, too few, too much, too many, (not) much, (not) many, enough
some , any, somebody, someone, something anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing
It(It is one o’clock. It is summer now. It is sunny.)
2. 反身代词（用法）
宾语：I should help myself.
表语： He will be himself again soon.
同位语：I finished my homework myself.
Unit 16 ：数词 Numerals
1. 基数词
million
three million & millions of
2. 数字运算
add...to...,plus, subtract...from, minus, multiply...by..., multiplied by, divide...by... ,divided by
Unit 17 ：介词 Prepositions
1. 方位介词
on &above across & through between & among
next to & beside & near under & below
2. 其他介词
like 像
3. 介词短语
because of，the same as, different from， next to, apart from, along with, on behalf of, due to, owing to, according to
4. 介词组作名词的定语
advice on; interest in, reason for, decision on/about; problem with, respect for, experience of, purpose of, success in
Unit 18 ：连词 Conjunctions
1. 并列连词
and, or, but ,so
yet, however, nevertheless for, therefore
either...or... neither...or not only...but also... Both...and... as well as
2. 从属连词
after as as soon as before when while since till/until once
as because since now that
If unless as/as long as
though/although ever if/even though while
so that so...that...
as/so...as... than
if that whether
